Sports Nutrition: Active Ingredients
How to Take BCAAs: Dosage, Timing, and Duration
Branched-chain amino acids are among the most familiar products on supplement shelves in the US. Yet the questions we hear most often are…
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Sports Nutrition: Active Ingredients
Agmatine Side Effects: What the Research Shows
Agmatine sulfate shows up in many pre-workout formulas, usually marketed for "pumps" and focus. It is also studied as a possible aid for…
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Sports Nutrition: New Ingredients
Who Should Not Take Soy Protein: Contraindications and Precautions
Soy protein is the most researched plant protein in sports nutrition, a staple for vegans, and an affordable alternative to whey. It also…
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Sports Nutrition: New Ingredients
Exogenous Ketones Side Effects: Salts, Esters, and Safety
Exogenous ketones promise the metabolic state of a ketogenic diet in a bottle: drink a shot, and blood ketones rise within minutes. They…
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Sports Nutrition: Active Ingredients
Laxogenin Side Effects: Risks of a Poorly Studied Supplement
Laxogenin — often sold as 5-alpha-hydroxy-laxogenin — is marketed as a plant-derived "anabolic" that builds muscle without hormonal side…
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Side Effects: Conditions
Hyperprolactinemia: Prevention, Diagnosis, and When to See a Doctor
Prolactin is best known as the hormone that drives breast milk production, but it affects far more than lactation. When levels stay too…
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Sports Nutrition: New Ingredients
Who Should Not Take Paraxanthine: Contraindications and Cautions
Paraxanthine is the main compound your body turns caffeine into, and it has recently appeared on supplement labels as a standalone…
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Sports Nutrition: New Ingredients
L-Tyrosine After 40: Benefits, Limits, and Safety
L-tyrosine is often marketed as a "focus" amino acid, and people in their 40s and beyond increasingly look to it for mental sharpness,…
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Injectable Anabolic Steroids
Testosterone Propionate Side Effects: A Complete Review of the Risks
Testosterone propionate is one of the oldest injectable testosterone esters. Its short action made it useful in early endocrinology, but…
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Injectable Anabolic Steroids
How Primobolan Depot (Methenolone Enanthate) Works: Androgen Receptors and Protein Synthesis
Methenolone enanthate, known by the old trade name Primobolan Depot, is an injectable anabolic-androgenic steroid. Discussions of it often…
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Injectable Anabolic Steroids
Testosterone Cypionate: The History of Its Development and Medical Use
Testosterone cypionate is the most widely prescribed injectable testosterone in the United States. Its story runs from the isolation of…
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Antiestrogens, SERMs, and Aromatase Inhibitors
Enclomiphene: Contraindications and Drug Interactions
Enclomiphene is the trans-isomer of clomiphene citrate, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) long used in fertility medicine. It…
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SARMs and Research Compounds: New Perspectives
ACP-105 and Its Interactions With Other Substances
ACP-105 is a synthetic selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) that exists only as a research chemical. It has never been approved for…
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Anabolic Steroids: New Perspectives
Trenbolone Hexahydrobenzylcarbonate and Male Fertility
Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate is a long-acting ester of trenbolone, a synthetic anabolic steroid originally developed for veterinary…
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Post-Cycle Recovery
Why Testosterone Does Not Recover After a Cycle
Many men who stop using anabolic-androgenic steroids expect their own testosterone to bounce back quickly. For some it does; for others,…
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